Unit 5 First aid
必修五 第五单元 急救
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First Aid for Burns
烧伤的急救
The skin is an essential part of your body and its largest organ.
皮肤是身体必不可少的部分，也是身体的最大器官。
You have three layers of skin which act as a barrier against disease, poisons and the sun's harmful rays.
皮肤有三层，它们是防病、防毒、抵御太阳有害光线侵害的一道屏障。
The functions of your skin are also very complex: it keeps you warm or cool;
皮肤的功能十分复杂。皮肤可以保暖或御寒，
it prevents your body from losing too much water; it is where you feel cold, heat or pain and it gives you your sense of touch.
保持体内水分。正是皮肤使你感到冷热、疼痛，它还使你有触觉。
So as you can imagine, if your skin gets burned it can be very serious.
因此，你可以想象到，如果你的皮肤烧伤了，就可能非常严重。
First aid is a very important first step in the treatment of burns.
在治疗烧伤的过程中，紧急处理是非常重要的第一步。
Causes of burns
烧伤的原因：
You can get burned by a variety of things: hot liquids, steam, fire, radiation (by being close to high heat or fire, etc) , the sun, electricity or chemicals.
你可能由于各种原因而烧伤：灼热的液体、水蒸气、火、辐射（由于靠近高温或大火）、阳光、电和化学物品。
Types of burns: There are three types of burns.
烧伤的种类：烧伤有三类。
Burns are called first, second or third degree burns, depending on which layers of the skin are burned.
根据皮肤烧伤的层次分为一度烧伤、二度烧伤和三度烧伤。
First degree burns
一度烧伤：
These affect only the top layer of the skin.
只损伤皮层的最上层。
These burns are not serious and should feel better within a day or two.
这些烧伤并不严重，应当在一两天内就有好转。
Examples include mild sunburn and burns caused by touching a hot pan, stove or iron for a moment.
例如轻度的晒伤，由于短暂接触热锅、火炉或熨斗而导致的烫伤。
Second degree burns
二度烧伤：
These affect both the top and the second layer of the skin.
既损伤了皮肤的最上层，又损伤了皮质的第二层。
These burns are serious and take a few weeks to heal.
这些烧伤属于严重的烧伤，需几星期才能痊愈。
Examples include severe sunburn and burns caused by hot liquids.
例如严重的晒伤和灼热的液体所造成的烧伤。
Third degree burns
三度烧伤：
These affect all three layers of the skin and any tissue and organs under the skin.
所有三层皮质以及皮下的组织和器官都受到损害。
Examples include burns caused by electric shocks, burning clothes, or severe petrol fires.
例如由电击引起的烧伤，因衣服起火引起的烧伤，或因汽油起火引起的烧伤。
These burns cause very severe injuries and the victim must go to hospital at once.
这些烧伤都属于非常严重的烧伤，受伤者必须立即送往医院。
