Now, what's there at the bottom of this fissure?
所以，裂缝的底部有什么？
It's the wiring of your brain, and in fact this red bundle here at the bottom of that fissure is the single largest fiber bundle
那里有脑部的“线路”，事实上，裂缝底部红色的那一捆“线路”是最大的单个纤维束，
that is the wiring that connects the right and left sides of your brain. It's called the corpus callosum.
也就是它连接着你们的左右脑。它被称为脑胼胝体。
And we think that this might be one of the most common mechanisms of concussion,
我们认为，这也许是脑震荡最为常见的成因，
and as the forces move down, they strike the corpus callosum,
击打力向下移动，撞机脑胼胝体，
it causes a dissociation between your right and your left brain and could explain some of the symptoms of concussion.
导致左右脑之间的连接断裂，这样就可以脑震荡的一些症状。
This finding is also consistent of what we've seen in this brain disease that I mentioned, chronic traumatic encephalopathy.
此外，这项发现与我之前提过的脑震荡引起的诸如慢性创伤性脑病等脑部疾病的症状相符。
So this is an image of a middle-aged ex-professional football player,
这是一个中年前橄榄球职业运动员的脑部图片，
and the thing that I want to point out is if you look at the corpus callosum,
我想指出的是，如果你仔细观察脑胼胝体，
and I'll page back here so you can see the size of a normal corpus callosum
我们看一下上一页的这张图片，这是一个正常脑胼胝体的大小，
and the size of the person here who has chronic traumatic encephalopathy, it is greatly atrophied.
这是那位患有慢性创伤性脑病的脑胼胝体，它大幅萎缩了。
And the same goes for all of the space in the ventricles. These ventricles are much larger.
脑室的大小也有变化，然而它们却变大很多。
And so all of this tissue near the center of the brain has died off over time.
这意味着脑部中央附近的组织细胞，已经逐渐凋亡。
So what we're learning is indeed consistent.
这也印证了我们的研究发现。
Now, there is some good news here, and I hope to give you a sense of hope by the end of this talk.
但是，这里我也要带来一些好消息，希望能给在座各位一些希望。
One of the things that we've noticed, specifically about this mechanism of injury,
我们注意到一些损伤机制的细节，
is although there's a rapid transmission of the forces down this fissure, it still takes a defined amount of time.
虽然力在裂缝中的向下传导非常迅速，它还是需要一定的时间的。
And what we think is that if we can slow the head down just enough so that the brain does not lag behind the skull
所以我们设想，如果能够减缓头部的向下移动，那么脑部运动就不会落后于颅骨，
but instead it moves in synchrony with the skull, then we might be able to prevent this mechanism of concussion.
而是与颅骨同步，这样我们或许就能预防脑震荡。
