First of all, there are changes that could be seen with the naked eye and X-ray vision.
首先有些改变可透过肉眼或X光观察发现。
These include smaller frontal lobes and hippocampal volumes.
包括额叶和海马体的容量变小。
On a more microscale, depression is associated with a few things:
从更细微的来说，抑郁症和有些事物有所关连：
the abnormal transmission or depletion of certain neurotransmitters,
某些神经传导物质不正常地传递或耗损，
especially serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine, blunted circadian rhythms,
特别是血清素、去甲肾上腺素，以及多巴胺使得生理节奏失调，
or specific changes in the REM and slow-wave parts of your sleep cycle, and hormone abnormalities,
或睡眠周期中的快速动眼期及慢波睡眠的特定改变，以及荷尔蒙异常，
such as high cortisol and deregulation of thyroid hormones.
例如皮质醇过高和甲状腺荷尔蒙失常。
But neuroscientists still don't have a complete picture of what causes depression.
但神经学家还尚未全面了解掌握造成抑郁症的原因。
It seems to have to do with a complex interaction between genes and environment,
似乎与基因和环境间复杂的交互作用有关，
but we don't have a diagnostic tool that can accurately predict where or when it will show up.
但目前没有诊断的工具可以精确地预测在何地或何时会发病。
And because depression symptoms are intangible, it's hard to know who might look fine but is actually struggling.
也因为抑郁症的症状是变化莫测的，我们很难知道看起来好端端的人其实正处于挣扎中。
According to the National Institute of Mental Health,
根据美国国家心理健康研究院所说，
it takes the average person suffering with a mental illness over ten years to ask for help.
通常罹患心理疾病的病患都拖了超过10年才寻求协助。
But there are very effective treatments.
但现在有非常有效的治疗方法。
Medications and therapy complement each other to boost brain chemicals.
药物和治疗相辅相成来强化大脑化学物质。
In extreme cases, electroconvulsive therapy,
在一些极端的个案，“电痉挛疗法”
which is like a controlled seizure in the patient's brain, is also very helpful.
它是一种在患者脑部以可控制的电击来诱发痉挛的疗法，也非常有帮助。
Other promising treatments, like transcranial magnetic stimulation, are being investigated, too.
其他有前景的疗法像是“经颅磁刺激法”也都在研究中。
