Is heading in soccer dangerous?
头球危险吗？
It's a question that has met its fair share of controversy.
这个问题引发了不少争议。
If you've never played soccer, heading may look pretty dangerous to the poor brain.
如果你从未踢过足球，头球看起来对可怜的大脑的确杀伤力很大。
Where else in life do you not wantto duck away from an object flying straight at your head?
如果，生活中的其它时候你看到飞来横物，你难道没有躲闪以求护头？
However, soccer players know thatthere is a proper way to head the ball.
然而，足球运动员是知道头球路数的。
Yes, there is a technique to meeting a flying ball with your head.
当然，头球是需要技巧的。
Dr. Frank Webbe, is a formersoccer referee and coach who is also a psychologist specializing in sports psychology.
足球裁判兼教练Frank Webbe在足球心理学上也有研究。
He says there is good reason to believe that with proper technique, a player's risk for brain injury is low.
他说有理由相信有技巧的头球可以降低大脑受伤的几率。
The problem is that in a fast-paced game of soccer, obstacles sometimes prevent a player fromheading with good technique.
可问题在于在踢球这个快节奏的运动中，球员头球的技巧可能会受限制。
And that's when problems are likely to arise.
这也是问题的关键。
Webbe and collaborators tested soccer players in neurocognitive performance such as attention,concentration, and speed of thinking.
Webbe和同事测试了足球运动员的神经认知，比如注意力、集中力、思维反应。
They compared long-time soccer players to novices, as well as moderate-to-frequent headers toless than moderate headers.
他们比较了新老足球运动员,较常头球的球员和较少头球的球员，
In addition, they tested people who had played soccer recently as wellas people who hadn't played in some time.
最近常常踢球的人和在一段时间内没有踢球的人。
The results suggested that more frequent headers are at more risk for brain injury than lessfrequent headers.
结果显示常常头球的人比较少头球的人损伤大脑的风险更高。
As a group, frequent headers performed lower on cognition tests in the weekafter a game of frequent heading than did other subjects.
前者总的来说，在长期头球后的一周内做的认知测试中普遍比后者表现得更差。
Also, players with the highest lifetime estimates of heading scored lowest overall on thesecognition tests.
此外，球员估计在此生中头球最多的在认知测试中表现最差。
The results convince Webbe that heading does indeed pose a threat to brainfunction and that more research needs to be done.
测试结果足以说服Webbe头球确实有损大脑功能，需要更多研究加以验证。
