Is really entirely meritocratic meritocracies may be fairer and more efficient than some alternatives But fair in an absolute sense? Think about it
是真正意义上的完全精英体系 精英体系可能比其它体系更加公平和高效 但绝对意义上讲 它真的公平吗 想想这个问题
A meritocracy is a system in which the people who are the luckiest in their health and genetic endowment luckiest in terms of family support, encouragement, and, probably, income
在这种精英体系中 只有健康和基因禀赋上最幸运的人 家庭支持鼓励以及收入上最幸运的人
Luckiest in their educational and career opportunities and luckiest in so many other ways difficult to enumerate those are the folks who reap the largest rewards
教育 就业机会上最幸运的人 以及在数不清的其它方面上最幸运的人 才能收获最大的成就
The only way for even a putative meritocracy to hope to pass ethical muster, to be considered fair is if those who are the luckiest in all of those respects
这种精英体系 哪怕是一个仅是推定的精英体系 要让其承受得住道德议论并被认作是公平的 必须要让这群各方面都最幸运的人
Also have the greatest responsibility to work hard to contribute to the betterment of the world and to share their luck with others
同时尽最大义务 努力工作 为创造更美好的世界作出贡献 以及同他人分享其好运
As the Gospel of Luke says and I am sure my rabbi will forgive me for quoting the New Testament in a good cause:
我将引用路加福音的话 我相信我的拉比 会原谅我出于正当原因对新约圣经的引用
"From everyone to whom much has been given, much will be required and from the one to whom much has been entrusted, even more will be demanded" Kind of like grading on the curve
"因为多给谁 就向谁多取" "多托谁 就向谁多要" 有点像基于曲线评分
Number 4 Who is worthy of admiration? The admonition from Luke
四 谁值得钦佩 路加福音的这条训诫
Which is shared by most ethical and philosophical traditions, by the way helps with this question as well Those most worthy of admiration
同样也在很多道德和哲学观点中得到了认可和发扬 对此问题同样也有帮助 最值得钦佩的人是
Are those who have made the best use of their advantages or, alternatively, coped most courageously with their adversities I think most of us would agree that people who have, say
那些最好地利用了自身优势 或最勇敢地面对了自身逆境的人 我相信 大多数人都会同意
