President Pro Tempore
The president pro tempore of the United States Senate (often shortened to president pro tem) is the second-highest-ranking official of the United States Senate. Article One, Section Three of the United States Constitution provides that the vice president of the United States is the president of the Senate (despite not being a senator), and mandates that the Senate must choose a president pro tempore to act in the vice president's absence. Unlike the vice president, the president pro tempore is an elected member of the Senate, able to speak or vote on any issue. Selected by the Senate at large, usually by a resolution which is adopted by unanimous consent without a formal vote, the president pro tempore has enjoyed many privileges and some limited powers. During the vice president's absence, the president pro tempore is empowered to preside over Senate sessions. Except when necessary or to highlight important votes, the vice president and the president pro tempore rarely preside; instead, the duty of presiding officer is rotated among junior U.S. senators of the majority party to give them experience in parliamentary procedure.
美国参议院临时议长
美国参议院临时议长（通常简称为临时议长）是美国参议院的第二高级官员。美国宪法第一条第三款规定，美国副总统为参议院议长（尽管不是参议员），并规定参议院必须选出一名临时总统在副总统的职权范围内行事。缺席。 与副总统不同的是，临时总统是经选举产生的参议院成员，能够就任何问题发言或投票。由参议院全体选举，通常是通过未经正式投票一致同意通过的决议，临时总统享有许多特权和一些有限的权力。在副总统缺席期间，临时总统有权主持参议院会议。除非必要或突出重要选票，副总统和临时总统很少主持；相反，主持官员的职责在多数党的初级美国参议员之间轮换，让他们在议会程序中获得经验。
