Minister
A minister is a politician who heads a ministry, making and implementing decisions on policies in conjunction with the other ministers. In some jurisdictions the head of government is also a minister and is designated the ‘prime minister’, ‘premier’, ‘chief minister’, ‘chancellor’ or other title.
In Commonwealth realm jurisdictions which use the Westminster system of government, ministers are usually required to be members of one of the houses of Parliament or legislature, and are usually from the political party that controls a majority in the lower house of the legislature. In other jurisdictions — such as Belgium, Mexico, Netherlands, Philippines, Slovenia, Nigeria — the holder of a cabinet-level post or other government official is not permitted to be a member of the legislature. Depending on the administrative arrangements in each jurisdiction, ministers are usually heads of a government department and members of the government's ministry, cabinet and perhaps of a committee of cabinet. Some ministers may be more senior than others, and some may hold the title ’assistant minister’ or ‘deputy minister’. Some jurisdictions, with a large number of ministers, may designate ministers to be either in the inner or outer ministry or cabinet.
部长
部长是领导一个部门的政治家，与其他部长一起制定和实施政策决定。在某些司法管辖区，政府首脑也是部长，被指定为“总理”、“总理”、“首席部长”、“总理”或其他头衔。
在使用威斯敏斯特政府系统的英联邦管辖区中，部长通常必须是议会或立法机构之一的成员，并且通常来自控制立法机构下议院多数席位的政党。在其他司法管辖区——例如比利时、墨西哥、荷兰、菲律宾、斯洛文尼亚、尼日利亚——持有内阁级职位或其他政府官员不得成为立法机构成员。根据每个司法管辖区的行政安排，部长通常是政府部门的负责人以及政府部委、内阁成员，也可能是内阁委员会成员。有些部长可能比其他部长更高级，有些可能拥有“助理部长”或“副部长”的头衔。一些拥有大量部长的司法管辖区可能会指定部长在内部或外部部门或内阁中任职。
