Volkswagen
Volkswagen shortened to VW is a German motor vehicle manufacturer headquartered in Wolfsburg, Lower Saxony, Germany. Founded in 1937 by the German Labour Front, known for their iconic Beetle, it is the flagship brand of the Volkswagen Group, the largest car maker by worldwide sales in 2016 and 2017. The group's biggest market is in China, which delivers 40% of its sales and profits. The German term Volk translates to "people", thus Volkswagen translates to "people's car".
Volkswagen was established in 1937 by the German Labour Front in Berlin. In the early 1930s, cars were a luxury – most Germans could afford nothing more elaborate than a motorcycle and only one German out of 50 owned a car. Seeking a potential new market, some car makers began independent "people's car" projects – the Mercedes 170H, BMW 3/15, Adler AutoBahn, Steyr 55, and Hanomag 1.3L, among others.
The growing trend was not nascent; Béla Barényi, a pioneering automotive engineer, is credited as already having conceived the basic design during the mid-1920s. Josef Ganz developed the Standard Superior (going as far as advertising it as the "German Volkswagen"). In Germany, the company Hanomag mass-produced the 2/10 PS "Kommissbrot", a small, cheap rear-engined car, from 1925 to 1928. Also, in Czechoslovakia, the Hans Ledwinka's penned Tatra T77, a very popular car amongst the German elite, was becoming smaller and more affordable at each revision. Ferdinand Porsche, a well-known designer for high-end vehicles and race cars, had been trying for years to get a manufacturer interested in a small car suitable for a family. He built a car named the "Volksauto" from the ground up in 1933, using many popular ideas and several of his own, putting together a car with an air-cooled rear engine, torsion bar suspension, and a "beetle" shape, the front bonnet rounded for better aerodynamics (necessary as it had a small engine).
大众汽车
大众汽车简称大众，是一家德国汽车制造商，总部位于德国下萨克森州沃尔夫斯堡。由德国劳工阵线于 1937 年创立，以其标志性的甲壳虫而闻名，它是大众汽车集团的旗舰品牌，大众汽车集团是 2016 年和 2017 年全球销量最大的汽车制造商。该集团最大的市场在中国，中国占了 40%它的销售额和利润。德国术语Volk翻译为“人”，因此大众汽车翻译为“人民的汽车”。
大众汽车于 1937 年由德国劳工阵线在柏林成立。在 1930 年代初期，汽车是一种奢侈品——大多数德国人买不起比摩托车更精致的东西，而且每 50 个德国人中只有一个拥有汽车。为了寻找潜在的新市场，一些汽车制造商开始了独立的“人民汽车”项目——梅赛德斯 170H、宝马 3/15、阿德勒高速公路、斯太尔 55 和 Hanomag 1.3L 等。
增长趋势并非刚刚开始；贝拉·巴雷尼 (Béla Barényi) 是一位先驱汽车工程师，被认为在 1920 年代中期就已经构思了基本设计。 Josef Ganz 开发了 Standard Superior（甚至将其宣传为“德国大众汽车”）。在德国，Hanomag 公司从 1925 年到 1928 年批量生产了 2/10 PS “Kommissbrot”，这是一款小型、廉价的后置发动机汽车。此外，在捷克斯洛伐克，汉斯·莱德温卡 (Hans Ledwinka) 编写了 Tatra T77，这是一款非常受欢迎的汽车德国精英在每次修订时变得更小，更实惠。费迪南德·保时捷 (Ferdinand Porsche) 是著名的高端汽车和赛车设计师，多年来一直试图让制造商对适合家庭的小型汽车感兴趣。 1933 年，他从头开始制造了一辆名为“Volksauto”的汽车，采用了许多流行的想法和他自己的一些想法，将带有风冷后置发动机、扭杆悬架和“甲壳虫”形状的汽车组装在一起，前发动机罩是圆形的，以获得更好的空气动力学性能（因为它有一个小发动机，这是必要的）。
