Victoria's Secret
Victoria's Secret is an American lingerie, clothing, and beauty retailer known for high visibility marketing and branding, starting with a popular catalog and followed by an annual fashion show with supermodels dubbed Angels. As the largest retailer of lingerie in the United States, the brand has struggled since 2016 due to shifting consumer preferences and ongoing controversy surrounding corporate leadership's business practices.
Founded in 1977 by Roy and Gaye Raymond, the company's five lingerie stores were sold to Leslie Wexner in 1982. Wexner rapidly expanded into American shopping malls, growing the company into 350 stores nationally with sales of $1 billion by the early 1990s when Victoria's Secret became the largest lingerie retailer in the United States.
From 1995 through 2018, the Victoria's Secret Fashion Show was an essential part of the brand's image featuring an annual runway spectacle of models promoted by the company as fantasy Angels. The 1990s saw the company's further expansion throughout shopping malls along with the introduction of the 'miracle bra', the new brand Body by Victoria, and the development of a line of fragrances and cosmetics. In 2002 Victoria's Secret announced the launch of PINK, a brand that was aimed to appeal to teenagers. Starting in 2008, Victoria's Secret expanded internationally, with retail outlets within international airports, franchises in major cities overseas, and in company-owned stores throughout Canada and the UK.
By 2016, Victoria's Secret's market share began to decline, increasingly giving way to a growing consumer preference for athleisure. The company canceled the circulation of their famous catalog in 2016. The brand struggled to maintain its market position following ongoing criticism and controversy over the unsavory behavior and business practices of corporate leadership under Wexner and Ed Razek. As of May 2020, with over 1,070 stores, Victoria's Secret remained the largest lingerie retailer in the United States. Parent company L Brands announced the planned closure of 250 Victoria's Secret and Pink stores in 2020, a nearly 25 percent reduction of all retail locations, following the COVID-19 pandemic.
维多利亚的秘密
Victoria's Secret 是一家美国内衣、服装和美容零售商，以高知名度的营销和品牌推广而闻名，从受欢迎的目录开始，然后是被称为天使的超级名模的年度时装秀。作为美国最大的内衣零售商，该品牌自 2016 年以来一直在苦苦挣扎，原因是消费者偏好的转变以及围绕企业领导层商业行为的持续争议。
该公司由 Roy 和 Gaye Raymond 于 1977 年创立，1982 年将公司的五家内衣店出售给 Leslie Wexner。Wexner 迅速扩展到美国的购物中心，到 1990 年代初维多利亚的秘密成为美国最大的内衣零售商。
从 1995 年到 2018 年，维多利亚的秘密时装秀是该品牌形象的重要组成部分，每年都会举办一次时装秀，该公司将模特作为幻想天使进行宣传。 1990 年代，随着“奇迹文胸”、维多利亚新品牌 Body 的推出以及香水和化妆品系列的开发，该公司在整个购物中心进一步扩张。 2002 年，维多利亚的秘密宣布推出 PINK，这是一个旨在吸引青少年的品牌。从 2008 年开始，维多利亚的秘密向国际扩张，在国际机场设有零售店，在海外主要城市设有特许经营店，并在加拿大和英国的公司拥有的商店中开设门店。
到 2016 年，维多利亚的秘密的市场份额开始下降，逐渐让位于消费者对运动休闲日益增长的偏好。该公司于 2016 年取消了其著名产品目录的流通。在 Wexner 和 Ed Razek 领导下的企业领导层的不良行为和商业行为持续受到批评和争议后，该品牌努力维持其市场地位。截至 2020 年 5 月，维多利亚的秘密拥有超过 1,070 家门店，仍然是美国最大的内衣零售商。在 COVID-19 大流行之后，母公司 L Brands 宣布计划在 2020 年关闭 250 家 Victoria's Secret 和 Pink 门店，所有零售门店数量减少近 25%。
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