纽约 (CNN Business) 事实证明，在电动汽车股票中寻找下一个特斯拉是很困难的。
近年来，随着投资者寻找下一家能撼动汽车市场的公司，一些新贵电动汽车制造商的股价飙升。但最近所有人都在挣扎——特斯拉（TSLA）本身也是如此。
Lucid 在与 SPAC 交易后于 7 月开始在纳斯达克交易，它带来了好消息：它的第一辆汽车 Lucid Air 赢得了 MotorTrend 年度汽车荣誉，并被认证为单车行驶里程为 520 英里。充电时间最长的电动汽车。但该公司还披露，它面临美国证券交易委员会关于其部分索赔和 SPAC 交易的传票，股价较 11 月 16 日的峰值有所下跌。
电动卡车制造商 Rivian 在 11 月的首次公开募股中大受欢迎，它还获得了 MotorTrend 年度卡车的荣誉。 Rivian 赢得了比赛，成为第一款进入市场的全电动皮卡。股价在交易的第一天就比 IPO 价格上涨了 29%，并在接下来的一周内又上涨了 71%。
尽管 Rivian 在上市时尚未报告任何销售额，但它曾短暂地成为全球第三大最有价值的汽车制造商，仅次于特斯拉和丰田。当它最终在 12 月 16 日报告其首次销售时，结果低于预期，该公司引用了同样困扰汽车行业其他部门的芯片和零件短缺问题。股价周四收盘较报告前的高点下跌 44%，而销售报告也证明对 Lucid 股价构成不利影响。
就连今年早些时候成为第六家市值达到 1 万亿美元的公司的特斯拉，最近也遇到了麻烦。股价从 11 月 4 日至周二创下的历史高点下跌了 27%，然后在周末的反弹将其推回 1 万亿美元大关。尽管如此，它的交易价格仍比历史最高点低 13%。
最近电动汽车股票的部分问题是拜登政府的“重建更好”法案的明显消亡，该法案为电动汽车行业带来了许多好处，包括增强了对买家的税收抵免，这将允许汽车制造商为汽车收取更多费用。 Build Back Better 还包括用于建立快速充电站网络的资金，这可以解决潜在电动汽车购买者对在路上耗尽电量的担忧。
Wedbush Securities 的技术分析师 Dan Ives 表示：“这对电动汽车多头来说是一记重拳。” “对于 2022 年及以后的增量需求，电动汽车税收抵免是需求的 15% 波动因素。”
但电动汽车库存的大部分下跌发生在参议员乔曼钦上周表示他无法支持该立法之前，这使该立法的未来受到严重怀疑。
下降的主要原因是大众汽车、丰田汽车、福特汽车和通用汽车等老牌汽车制造商不断宣布对电动汽车的额外投资计划。令人担忧的是，即使消费者偏好和更严格的环境规则即将导致从汽油动力汽车向电动汽车的大规模转变，独立的电动汽车公司也不一定能赢得这场战斗。
“在电动汽车市场份额的争夺战中，将会有输家，”艾夫斯说。 “Rivian 因交付短缺而走出大门，这不可能是在最糟糕的时候出现的。这对纯电动汽车制造商来说是一片乌云。投资者对任何执行失误的耐心都少得多。”
即使面对来自老牌汽车制造商的日益激烈的竞争，特斯拉已经发展到可以盈利且规模足够大的地步。它预计今年及以后的销售额将增长 50% 或更高。该股在很大程度上逆转了该行业的跌势，今年迄今已上涨 51%。
尽管这只是特斯拉股价在 2020 年实现的 743% 涨幅的一小部分，但它比福特以外的大多数老牌汽车制造商都要好，福特在自己的电动汽车业务取得显着收益后，今年股价上涨了 131%。
截至周四收盘，两家最受困扰的电动汽车股票——尼古拉和洛兹敦汽车——的价值分别下跌了 27% 和 80%，尽管尼古拉的股价在宣布终于进行了第一辆卡车交付后，周四飙升了 18%。
但在本周早些时候，尼古拉同意支付 1.25 亿美元的罚款，以解决其创始人兼前首席执行官特雷弗·米尔顿 (Trevor Milton) 欺骗投资者的指控。在有关公司索赔的问题首次浮出水面后，米尔顿于 2020 年 9 月被迫辞职。他现在面临联邦刑事指控。
Lordstown 的创始人兼 CEO 也被迫辞职，该公司对能否继续经营表示怀疑。
艾夫斯说，这些公司未能兑现早期承诺的麻烦意味着像 Lucid 和 Rivian 这样的公司必须做更多的工作来证明自己，然后才能被投资者完全接受。
The next Tesla is proving hard to find
New York (CNN Business)Finding the next Tesla among electric vehicle stocks is proving to be difficult.
A number of upstart electric vehicle makers' stock prices soared in recent years, as investors looked for the next company to shake up the car market. But all have struggled recently -- as has Tesla (TSLA) itself.
Lucid, which started trading on the Nasdaq in July after a SPAC deal, had its share of good news: Its first car, the Lucid Air, won MotorTrend Car of the Year honors and was certified as having a range of 520 miles on a single charge, the longest of any EV. But company has also disclosed it faces subpoenas from the Securities and Exchange Commission about some of its claims and the SPAC deal, and shares are down from a November 16 peak.
Electric truck maker Rivian had a huge hit with its November IPO, and it also won MotorTrend Truck of the Year honors. Rivian won the race to be the first all-electric pickup to reach market. Shares shot up 29% from the IPO price on its first day of trading, and gained another 71% over the next week.
Rivian was briefly the third-most-valuable automaker on the planet, behind only Tesla and Toyota, despite having yet to report any sales when it went public. When it finally reported its first sales on December 16 they fell short of expectations, and the company cited the same chip and parts shortages dogging the rest of the auto industry. Shares closed Thursday down 44% from that pre-report high, and the sales report proved to be a headwind for Lucid shares as well.
Even Tesla, which earlier this year became only the sixth company to reach a $1 trillion market value, has encountered recent troubles. Shares sank as much as 27% from an all-time high set on November 4 through Tuesday -- before a late-week rally lifted it back above the $1 trillion mark. Still, it is trading 13% below its all-time peak.
Part of the recent problem for EV stocks is the apparent demise of the Biden administration's Build Back Better bill, which had a number of goodies for the EV industry, including enhanced tax credits for buyers that would have allowed automakers to charge more for the vehicles. Build Back Better also includes money for a network of rapid charging stations, which would have answered potential EV buyers' concerns about running out of juice while on the road.
"That was a gut punch to the EV bulls," said Dan Ives, tech analyst for Wedbush Securities. "For incremental demand in 2022 and beyond, the EVs tax credits is a 15% swing factor in demand."
But much of the decline in EV stocks took place before Sen. Joe Manchin said last week he couldn't support the legislation, throwing its future in severe doubt.
Much of the dip is due to continued announcements from established automakers such as Volkswagen, Toyota, Ford and GM about additional investment plans in EVs. The concern is that even if consumer preferences and tougher environment rules are about to create a massive shift from gasoline-powered vehicles to electrics, stand-alone EV companies won't necessarily win the battle.
"There are going to be losers in the battle for EV market share," said Ives. "Rivian coming out of gate with a delivery short fall, that couldn't have come at a worst time. It's a dark cloud on the pure play EV makers. And investors have a lot less patience with any execution missteps."
Tesla has grown to the point where it is profitable and large enough to grow even in the face of increased competition from the established automakers. It projects sales growth of 50% or better this year and beyond. And the stock has mostly bucked the declines in the sector, rising 51% so far this year.
Although that is only a fraction of the 743% gain Tesla stock achieved in 2020, it's better than most of the established automakers other than Ford, whose shares are up 131% this year after posting significant gains in its own EV efforts.
The two most troubled EV stocks -- Nikola and Lordstown Motors -- lost 27% and 80% of their value, respectively, through Thursday's close, although Nikola's stock surged 18% Thursday after announcing it had finally made its first truck delivery.
But earlier in the week, Nikola agreed to pay a $125 million fine to settle charges Trevor Milton, its founder and former CEO, deceived investors. Milton was forced to resign in September 2020 after questions about company's claims first surfaced. He now faces federal criminal charges.
The founder and CEO of Lordstown was also forced to resign, and the company has expressed doubts that it can remain in business.
The trouble those companies had living up to their early promises means companies like Lucid and Rivian will have to do more to prove themselves before they will be fully embraced by investors, Ives said.
