In
English grammar and speech-act theory, a mental-state verb is a verb with a meaning related to understanding, discovering, planning, or deciding. Mental-state verbs refer to cognitive states that are generally unavailable for outside evaluation. Also known as a mental verb. Common mental-state verbs in English include know, think, learn, understand, perceive, feel, guess, recognize, notice, want, wish, hope, decide, expect, prefer, remember, forget, imagine, and believe. Letitia R. Naigles notes that mental-state verbs are "notoriously polysemous, in that each is associated with multiple senses" ("Manipulating the Input" in Perception, Cognition, and Language, 2000).